Biplates
Products (4)
CLED/MacConkey Agar or CLED/MacConkey III Agar
CLED Agar: In 1960, Sandys reported on the development of a new method of preventing the swarming of Proteus on solid media by restricting the electrolytes in the culture medium. Previous chemical methods used to inhibit swarming by Proteus included the addition of chloral hydrate, alcohol, sodium azide, surface-active agents, boric acid, and sulfonamides to the culture medium. This electrolyte-deficient medium of Sandys was modified by Mackey and Sandysfor use in urine culture by substituting lactose and sucrose for the mannitol and increasing the concentrations of the bromothymol blue indicator and of the agar. These two investigators further modified the medium by the incorporation of cystine to enhance the growth of cystine-dependent “dwarf colony” coliforms and by deletion of sucrose. They designated the new medium as Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) medium and reported it to be ideal for dip-inoculum techniques and for urinary bacteriology in general. MacConkey Agar: MacConkey Agar is based on the bile salt-neutral red-lactose agar of MacConkey. The original MacConkey medium was used to differentiate strains of Salmonella typhosa from members of the coliform group. Formula modifications improved the growth of Shigella and Salmonella strains. These modifications included the addition of 0.5% sodium chloride, decreased agar content, and altered bile salts and neutral red concentrations. The formula improvements gave improved differential reactions between these enteric pathogens and the coliform group. MacConkey Agar contains crystal violet and bile salts that inhibit gram-positive organisms and allow gram negative organisms to grow. Isolated colonies of coliform bacteria are brick red in color and may be surrounded by a zone of precipitated bile. This bile precipitate is due to a local pH drop around the colony due to lactose fermentation. Colonies that do not ferment lactose (such as typhoid, paratyphoid and dysentery bacilli) remain colorless. When lactose nonfermenters grow in proximity to coliform colonies, the surrounding medium appears as cleared areas. MacConkey Agar is listed as one of the recommended media for the isolation of E. coli from nonsterile pharmaceutical products. MacConkey Agar Base is prepared without added carbohydrates, which permits their addition either individually or in combination. It is recommended that carbohydrates such as sucrose or lactose be added in a concentration of 1% to the basal medium.
Columbia with 5% Sheep Blood/MacConkey Agar or Columbia with 5% Sheep Blood/MacConkey III Agar
Columbia Agar with 5% Sheep Blood: Columbia Agar Base is a foundational medium for cultivating a wide range of bacteria, including both fastidious and non-fastidious organisms. Introduced in 1966, it provides a rich environment for microbial growth. Modifications can be introduced to enhance its utility. For example, specific additives can be incorporated to selectively inhibit the growth of certain bacterial groups, allowing for the isolation of specific target organisms from complex samples. MacConkey Agar & MacConkey III Agar Lactose fermenters are microorganisms that ferment lactose and those that are unable to ferment lactose are called non-lactose fermenters. Escherichia coli (E. coli) are non-spore forming bacteria that are able to grow in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Salmonella is a bacterial pathogen that can be isolated from faeces, blood, bone marrow, bile, urine, food, animal feed and environmental materials. Ingestion of contaminated food and water can cause foodborne infections, including gastroenteritis, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever or even death in humans. All Salmonella serotypes can cause disease in humans. Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen that can persists on dry surfaces longer than any other Gram-negative bacteria. It can persist on moist and dry surfaces for more than 20 days contributes to its widespread in a hospital setting. Acinetobacter spp. are commonly isolated from locations such as hand, groin, toe webs etc. Due to the high antibiotic resistance shown. by this bacterium an early identification is often recommended. Acinetobacter spp. have been isolated in connection with community acquired and nosocomial pneumonias, urogenital tract, eye and soft tissue infections and are difficult to treat particularly due to their broad antibiotic resistance.
Columbia with 5% Sheep Blood/SDA Agar
Columbia with 5% Sheep Blood: Columbia Agar Base is a foundational medium for cultivating a wide range of bacteria, including both fastidious and non-fastidious organisms. Introduced in 1966, it provides a rich environment for microbial growth. Modifications can be introduced to enhance its utility. For example, specific additives can be incorporated to selectively inhibit the growth of certain bacterial groups, allowing for the isolation of specific target organisms from complex samples. SDA Agar: Infections associated with dermatophytes, other fungi and yeasts, are increasingly becoming a health problem, especially in developed countries. The diffusion of immunodeficiencies-related diseases, together with advanced medical techniques used, including intensive care units, organ transplants and the indiscriminate prescription of antimicrobials have inevitably led to an increased number of immunocompromised patients, and created the ideal conditions for the development of opportunistic fungal infections. Dermatophytes are a group of filamentous fungi able to utilize keratin found in skin, hair or nails which can damage these tissues. The most frequent types of infections are Tinea capitis, Tinea pedis and Tinea unguium, involving head, feet and nails of the patient respectively. They are responsible for most of the superficial mycosis known as ‘dermatophytosis’ and affecting about 20-25% of the worldwide population. Dermatophyte fungi include three genera occupying different ecological niches, but they are all associated to human clinical conditions with Trichophyton rubrum being the most common. Overall, dermatophyte infections are very common and rarely invasive because of the inability of these organisms to infect non-keratinised tissues, such as internal tissues and organs. However, the severity of the condition is always dependent on the host’s immune response, the virulence of the species involved and the environmental conditions."
Trypticase™ Soy with 5% Sheep Blood/CLED Agar
"Trypticase™ Soy Agar with 5% Sheep Blood: TrypticaseTM Soy Agar is a widely used growth medium derived from a soybean-based formula outlined in the U.S. Pharmacopeia. The inclusion of blood in this medium enhances its ability to support the growth of fastidious bacteria, those with complex nutritional requirements. Furthermore, the presence of blood allows for the observation of hemolysis, the breakdown of red blood cells. This characteristic, particularly the type of hemolysis observed, is an important tool for differentiating various bacterial species, especially those belonging to the Streptococcus genus. The absence of carbohydrates in the medium ensures that hemolysis is accurately observed and not masked by other metabolic reactions. CLED Agar: In 1960, Sandys reported on the development of a new method of preventing the swarming of Proteus on solid media by restricting the electrolytes in the culture medium. Previous chemical methods used to inhibit swarming by Proteus included the addition of chloral hydrate, alcohol, sodium azide, surface-active agents, boric acid, and sulfonamides to the culture medium. This electrolyte-deficient medium of Sandys was modified by Mackey and Sandys for use in urine culture by substituting lactose and sucrose for the mannitol and increasing the concentrations of the bromothymol blue indicator and of the agar. These two investigators further modified the medium by the incorporation of cystine to enhance the growth of cystine-dependent “dwarf colony” coliforms and by deletion of sucrose. They designated the new medium as Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) medium and reported it ideal for dip-inoculum techniques and urinary bacteriology in general.